Amidst the critical conversations about the need to build better and more efficient building skins, designers are also mindful of the need for the
Concerns over time-dependent argon permeation through the perimeter edge seals of insulating glass units (IGUs) led the authors to utilize two
ASTM published the first version of ASTM E2461-05: Standard Practice for Determining the Thickness of Glass in Airport Traffic Control Tower Cabs in
Model building codes and standards in the United States use a probabilistic model to define glass load resistance (LR). In general, these model
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector is critical to limiting global temperature rise to less than 1.5⁰C. Construction and
The use of bidirectional scattering distribution function incorporated in a transient systems simulation program, allows engineers to accurately
To paraphrase Robert le Ricolias, the art of the structure is where to put the folds. Using that inspiration, fundamental concepts from origami,
Window glass design using ASTM E 1300 entails determining glass thickness(es) and types so that the window glass construction load resistance
Anisotropy is also known as Brewster marks, quench marks, strain pattern, leopard spots, Iridescence, etc. Although anisotropy is inevitable when