
Recent planning recognizes a growing demand for buildings that provide higher levels of occupant well-being. Often, well-being in buildings is
Few buildings are as iconic as Willis Tower. Generations of Chicagoans have a collective memory of this building playing a role in their entire
With the developments in production, industrial facilities lost their function and were abandoned over time. The most frequent and often the most
Contemporary building practice represents a disconnect between traditional manufacturing techniques, that favor straight runs and orthogonal
U-shaped annealed profiled glass, or U channel glass is used in both the interior and exterior glass façade for decades, as it has long and durable
Closed cavity facades (CCF), a configuration of Double Skin Facade (DSF), consists of a double-glazed unit on the inner layer and single glazing on
To ensure the safety of U.S diplomatic personnel overseas, the U.S Department of State (DoS) has developed facade retrofits capable of resisting high
Today's sustainability in architecture takes into consideration the complete life cycle of buildings and their components, from resource harvesting
The traditional building facade as a permanent construction does not actively respond to the differing needs from varying weather conditions.