
It is commonly thought that fenestration U-factor is not a key determinant in the performance of facades in hot climates, and generally the focus of
In 1871, a fourth level Architecture course was offered in New York City that instructed on topics such as heating, ventilation and circulation of
Facades developed in response to climactic factors increase performance and human comfort while reducing energy loads. A single building envelope
The use of glass in windows and curtain walls in residential as well as in commercial buildings needs to be designed very carefully. In addition to
Access to natural daylight and connection to the outdoor environment is one of the key elements of contemporary architecture. This design concept is
Heat transfer through building facades can occur by any combinations of conduction, convection, and/or radiation. Conductive heat transfer depends on
Increased security needs have led to a demand in enhanced curtain wall facade performance. In addition to thermal, acoustic, and structural
The European building stock is mainly constituted by highly energy demanding buildings. The only way to a more sustainable and decarbonized building